Perikanan Air Asin

Usaha budidaya laut selalu dilakukan di perairan dekat darat, baik di pulau maupun di pantai, agar mudah dilakukan pengawasan. Budidaya laut merupakan salah satu usaha perikanan dengan cara pengembangan sumber-dayanya dalam area terbatas baik di alam terbuka maupun tertutup. Tempat untuk budidaya laut harus mempunyai fasilitas alami tertentu, terutama persediaan air yang sangat cukup, dengan suhu, salinitas dan kesuburan yang sesuai. Dalam hal ini penting diperhatikan pula bahwa pengusaha budidaya menjalankan pengawasan melalui pemilikan, hak sewa menyewa atau cara lain untuk menjalankan pengawasan. Pengelolaan dan pengembangan perikanan air asin agar memiliki nilai ekonomi yang lebih tinggi seperti: udang, kerapu, kakap, rumput laut, ikan hias, mutiara, kerang-kerangan, nila, emas, dan gurame. Mengingat potensi lahan tambak, kolam, dan perairan laut nasional masih besar; peningkatan produksi dalam rangka pemenuhan protein hewani, serta peningkatan nilai tambah produk perikanan.

Budidaya laut adalah budidaya biota laut yang hidup dalam air laut. Ini berarti bahwa air laut merupakan medium dimana biota laut tersebut hidup, tumbuh dan berbiak lebih baik daripada rekan-rekannya yang tidak dibudidayakan. Cara mengusahakan budidaya laut secara mudahnya dapat dibagi menjadi budidaya ekstensif, yakni pemeliharaan biota laut di suatu perairan yang cukup luas dengan padat penebaran yang rendah. Biota yang dibudidayakan dapat disediakan dari suatu sumber (pembenihan, pengumpulan dari alam) atau dari populasi alami yang masuk ke sistem dalam bentuk burayak atau juwana. Mereka biasanya hidup dari makanan alami. Contohnya adalah budidaya kerang, tiram dan rumput laut. Budidaya intensif dilakukan dengan padat penebaran tinggi dalam suatu lingkungan sempit seperti kurungan atau, kolam pembenihan dengan sistem air mengalir untuk memperoleh volume air sebesar-besarnya guna persediaan zat asam dan pengangkutan kotoran. Binatang yang dibudidaya dapat diberi makanan buatan dalam bentuk pelet. Seluruh sistem harus secara teliti diawasi dan dipantau. Contoh yang sudah mencapai teknologi canggih adalah pembenihan ikan trout dan salmon di Amerika Serikat dan di Eropa. Di Taiwan terdapat juga kategori ini, yakni budidaya bandeng.

Dalam kedua jenis budidaya tersebut air laut merupakan kebutuhan pokok, baik kuantitas maupun kualitas. Faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas air akan mempengaruhi pula keberhasilan budidaya. Beberapa faktor penting yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas air dan kehidupan biota laut yang dibudidaya adalah seperti suhu, salinitas, gelombang, arus, kekeruhan, kadar oksigen, unsure hara, pestisida, penyinaran. Dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan diantaranya adalah budidaya laut di pantai telah menghasilkan limbah yang tak terkendalikan sehingga menghasilkan pencemaran air yang sebagian terbawa ke laut sehingga mengancam kebersihan dan kesuburan perairan pantai sehingga tidak layak untuk budidaya. Demikian pula pertambahan penduduk telah pula menimbulkan pemukiman-pemukiman yang tak sehat, baik di kota maupun di pantai. Dari kegiatan penduduk yang demikian dihasilkan pula limbah rumah tangga yang ikut mencemari laut melalui sungai-sungai atau langsung.

Untuk menjaga kelestarian usaha budidaya laut, karenanya menjaga pula kelestarian kualitas dan kesuburan air yang diperlukan, maka sedini mungkin perlu diambil langkah-langkah pencegahan sebagai berikut :

1. Dalam hal perairan pantai masih jauh dari kegiatan-kegiatan manusia maka Pemerintah Daerah perlu menentukan wilayan-wilayah perairan mana yang diperuntukkan budidaya laut dan mana yang untuk sektor lain, sedemikian rupa sehingga tak terjadi tumpang tindih yang merugikan dan tidak mengancam perairan peruntukan ini. 
2. Jika di sekitar perairan budidaya laut telah ada kegiatan-kegiatan baik di laut maupun di darat, yang menghasilkan limbah, maka untuk menjaga kualitas air laut, perlu diterapkan peraturan-peraturan tentang kualitas air dan tentang pencegahan pencemaran laut. 
3. Untuk meyakinkan para pembudidaya laut tentang layaknya kualitas air laut yang dijaga, maka perlu diadakan pemantauan kondisi perairan untuk budidaya laut.

Motorcycle insurance: a guide Ride a motorcycle? Better ensure all of your insurance coverage is set up, and obtain multiple quotes to make sure you get the very best motorcycle insurance. ” Best ” does not just mean cheapest. The minimum required coverage may leave you with stacks of bills if you need to lay your bike down. Yet motorcycle insurance could be less expensive than car insurance, and you really are eligible for a lot of the same discounts. What insurance is had the need to cover motorcycle injuries? Liability insurance pays to the damage you are doing to others. Comprehensive and collision pay to repair or replace your ride. If you don‘t buy some type of specific medical coverage (either personal injury protection or medical payments ), if you‘re at fault inside an accident your own personal treatment costs are either paid by your own health insurance or out of your pocket. Your own personal health insurance, when you have it, is prone to cover hospitalization costs, although not all policies do. Ask. It might possess a deductible — in some instances, around $5, 000 to $10, 000. Even though you have health insurance, it won’t cover injuries within your passenger. If another driver usually is to blame, it is crucial to comprehend the significance of uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage, says Alex Hladkevych, motorcycle product director at Liberty Mutual. ” When the driver responsible for any crash doesn‘t have adequate coverage, ” he says, ” you may be stuck with an enormous hospital bill. ” The typical treatment cost for any rider with traumatic brain injury was about $48, 000, based on the Minnesota Department of Health. How much is motorcycle insurance? Motorcycle insurance could be anywhere from $71 to $297 a year counting on multiple factors like to live as well as what kinds of coverage you will get. Motorcycle insurance could be cheaper to insure than car insurance, but this will depend plenty on to live and also the cost and performance degree of the motorcycle you would like to insure. Here is a few examples to provide you with a clearer picture of how state and coverage affect rates. Also, how motorcycle rates can rival car insurance rates. Pricing out coverage on the used Honda Shadow Spirit 750, a 24-year-old rider in Jacksonville, Florida, attempting to find state minimum liability levels would pay about $71 a year, consistent with quotes provided by Insurance. com. A similar driver would pay about $830 a year for basic liability coverage on the 1998 Honda Civic. Upgrading to some newer bike that is financed, a 2013 Honda CBR250R, requires collision and comprehensive coverage ; that will bring the annual bill to the 24-year-old to $297. A similar degree of coverage on the financed 2007 Mazda3 could be $1, 558. In California, those numbers look plenty different : $209 a year to insure the paid-off motorcycle, but $1, 940 for full coverage upon the new bike. Insuring the paid-off Civic would cost the driver $768 a year, and also the financed Mazda is really cheaper compared to the new motorcycle at $1, 544 a year. You typically pay more to insure a sport bike or high-performance bike when compared to a cruiser. Many motorcycle policies include some degree of accessories coverage — $3, 000 is typical — and roadside assistance. Recommended motorcycle insurance coverage Like auto insurance, motorcycle insurance requirements vary from state to state. Insurance. com Managing Editor Des Toups and experts at Liberty Mutual Insurance and Progressive Insurance recommend : Bodily injury and property damage liability, which covers you if you are at fault for the accident that injures someone else or damages someone’s property. This really is mandatory in many states. Guest passenger liability, which covers anyone riding pillion. “Not all liability policies automatically cover your passenger, ” Toups says. “You may need to buy additional coverage, counting on your state laws and also your insurance company. Ask. Comprehensive and collision coverage, which pays to repair or replace your motorcycle if it is stolen or damaged inside an accident or stolen. This really is optional unless your lender requires it. Uninsured / underinsured motorist coverage, which covers you once the person at fault for the accident does not have insurance or does not have enough insurance. Some states require it ; others don’t. Medical payments, which covers the price of medical care you require as the results of a motorcycle accident. It could be used no matter that is at fault. (States with “no fault” lawsrequiring automobile owners to purchase personal injury protection typically exempt motorcycles, making this coverage much more important. ) It may also be used to pay out the deductible on your own health insurance. What sorts of motorcycle insurance discounts can be found? Most discounts that can be found to automobile drivers can be found to those insuring a motorcycle. A couple of are specific to bikes, though. Ask your insurance company about : Safety course discount : Almost all insurers will provide you with a discount of a minimum of 5 percent for completing an approved safety course, usually inside the previous 3 years. Riding association or affinity discount : Usually 10 percent, for participants in approved ridership groups such like the American Motorcycle Association, BMW Motorcycle Owners of America, Gold Wing Touring or Road Riders Association, Harley Owners Group, Honda Riders Club of America, Motorcycle Safety Foundation or Motorcycle Touring Association. Good rider or safe rider discount : With respect to the carrier, three to five years with no claim or major violation wins you preferred status. Layup discount : Bikes stored to the winter typically could get reduced rates. Anti-theft discount : Motorcycles designed with a GPS-driven locating device get around 20 percent off comprehensive coverage. Some carriers will waive your deductible. Antilock brake and airbag discounts : While these features aren‘t common, they‘re becoming more so. Nationwide and Farmers offer discounts for antilock brakes ; Farmers has one for airbags also. Helmet discounts : Not really a discount, exactly, but you are able to save money by wearing one. For instance, Farmers Insurance offers additional medical payments coverage for riders who make use of a DOT-approved helmet. The state of Florida requires that riders who go with no helmet carry a minimum of $10, 000 worth of medical payments coverage. Can I obtain a multi-policy discount? How a few home and auto bundle? In case you insure greater than one vehicle or have multiple kinds of policies with a similar company, There‘s almost always a discount. It might be a : Multi-bike discount : For all those using more than one insured motorcycle with a similar carrier. Multi-policy discount : If have the ear of a car insurance policy and also a motorcycle policy with a similar company. (Multi-car policies typically require two automobiles instead of a bike and also a car. ) Bundling discount : A home and auto bundle is not the only real way to obtain a discount. A motorcycle insured with a similar company that insures your residence typically will help you get a discount on both. Bundling works with renters insurance, too. Most other kinds of automotive discounts refer to your motorcycle coverage also. You will get discounts for early renewal, payment in full and also a transfer discount for switching companies. Bear on your mind that while discounts can add up, the entire amount is almost always capped at less than 40 percent of your respective premium. Which means it always is sensible to shop around and begin using the cheapest rates you are able to. Do I have to insure a scooter? Yes, in many states, when the engine includes a displacement of 50 cc or even more. 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